Adding mechanism.



M.'c. HOPKINS & L. w. ROSENTHAL. ADDING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.2, I9I2.

1 ,2811,163. Patented Oct. 8,1918.

I 4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

v al F E@ IFF F I F 3 '3 .I II E' I ,I 2 I l Ff- I I ,F H I, ff --77 E1 I Il I I Y 1 M. C. HOPKINS 6I L. W. ROSENTHAL.

ADDING'MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEILZI. |912.

1 ,28 1 1 6 3 Patented Oct. 8, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

witnesses jvwenfow www 2 01m@ o M. C. HUPKINS & W. ROSENTHAL.

ADDING MECHA'NISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.21'. I9I2.

Patented Oct. 8, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 Egg/f7, E25 E33 Pif/6 g5' Eff 2;?5 H77 'Unirse-fermes PATENT onirica MARCUS HOPKINS, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW' JERSEY, AND LEON WALTER-ROSENTHAL',

` 0F NEW'YORK, N. Y.; SAID HOPKINS ASSIGNOR yT0 SAID RSENTHAL.

ADDING MEcHANIsM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led February 27, 1912. Serial No. 680,246.

To all vwhom t may concern:

Beit known that we, MARCUS C. HOPKINS and LEON lV." Ros'ENT'HlA-L, citizens of the United States, and residing, respectively, at No. 235 Je'wettavenue, Jersey City', Hudson county,` 'N ew Jersey, and No. 240 West 137th street, New York city, New York county, New York State, haveinvented certain new and' useful Improvements in'Addiiig Mechanisms; and we do hereby declare the following vto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such. as will enabley others skilled in the art `to which it appertains` to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to adding mechanism of simple and effective organization, and particularly to one well adapted to calculating machines such as adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing` machines, or the like. Y

@ne object is to provide an adding mechanism wherein all the elements thereof are positively connected together at all times during operation.

Another object is to provide an adding mechanism whose separate denominations maybe operated upon individually or simultaneously,'and in any order or Vcombination. I

Another object is to provide an adding mechanism wherein the transfer operations to carry units to the next higher denominations maybe performed simultaneously with the adding operations on those denominations.

Another object is to provide a mechanism whose elements'may be operated in both directions, whereby' addition may Ybe performed in onejdirection ofoperation, and subtraction in the other direction ot" operation, and-'whereby thev net result of addition and subtractiony may be readily obtained, without interposing reversing gears or the like for the purpose.

Another object is to provide. an adding mechanism` which may be combined with one or l more accumulating mechanisms, wlierein'the adding movements are simultaneouslyk communicated to allmechanisms,

and. wherein the vtransfer operations ofreach mechanism is independent of alll the other mechanisms.

Another object is to provide means for separately clearing the indicators of each mechanisml whereby the indicators of the accumulating mechanism maybe retained in the position rto which they were actuated when the indicators ofthe adding mechanism are cleared, and vice versa, so that subtotalsl and grand totals, for instance, may be ascertained in the same operation.

Another object is to provide disengageable locking mechanism for the individual denominations, wliereby the transfer move ments are properly eiiected at alltimes while the adding` and clearing operations are not interfered with.

Another object is to provide a rectiiier for positioning the indicators after eacli operation, whereby the back lash and other lost motion in the mechanism is eliminated before the result is read ofi".

Other desirable objects in construction andy operation will be apparent romtlie following'description, and will be speciiically pointed'out in the4 appended claims.

In most oi the adding mechanisms heretofore customary, the elements are not 'positively connectedtogether, and they usually require thev interposition 0f reversing devices to adapt them to all the arithmetical iperations. Furthermore, the adding and transfer movements Vare usually successive so that the transfer mechanisms have a delayed a'ction requiring periods of operation distinct from the periods of the adding operation. And the adding mechanisms do not readily permit of association with accumulating mechanism without disengageable or equivalent devices to segregate the transfer operaitions of the two mechanisms.

In accordance withv this invention. these diiiiculties are removed by employing a differential gearing for each denomination of the adding mechanism and' a diiierentia-l gearing for each denomination of the accumulating mechanism, ii' such is used, and so connecting the different gearings of the two mechanisms that the adding movements are' simultaneously communicated to both, while the transfer movements of each mechanism are rendered independent and are superposed on' their respective adding movements. Each differential gearing preferably consists Patented Oct. 8, 1918.-.

tek

l' of three positive ly connected Acomponents connected intermittent gearing'for each decomprising a driving component operatively connected to an" actuating member of theY calculating machine, a transfer receiving component operatively connected to the next lower denomination, and an indicating `or transfer actuating component adapted to be driven by either of the other two components separately, or simultaneously by both of them. V The indicating component has a fixed velocity ratio with the driving component and with the transfer receiving component, so that the superposition of the adding and transfer movements increases the velocityof the indicating component and thereby advances it an amount proportional to the sum of the two movements during the period of simultaneous operation. The drivingcomponents of the differential gearings may be actuated by any suitable actuating devices, as gears, keys, racks,'segments or disks,y in any suitable form of calculating machines as key-set or key-actuated adding or multiplying machines. Y Y

The transfer operation to carry units is preferably effected by means of positively nomination of each mechanism connecting the transfer actuating or indicating component of one differential gearing with the transfer receiving component of the next higher denomination, the driving component of those denominations which are not otherwise engaged being held against Vmovement by locks to insure the transfer in each case. The clearing devices for the adding and accumulating mechanisms are preferably independent, and may comprise means for disconnecting the three components of each differential gearing during the operation of resetting the indicators to zero, or for disconnecting the actuating members `of the machine from ythe adding and accumulating mechanisms before resetting the indicators.

YWe have found that in constructing adding mechanisms of'this kind comprising a plurality of denominations the transfer movements may be gradually lost in a long succession of carrying operations as a result of the back lash and lost motion in the mechanism. To overcome this difculty, we have provided a Vrectier which positions the indicators in succession from the lowest to the highest denominations at certain intervals of operation, thereby completing all partial transfers which may have occurred and also holding the indicators in proper position for. reading. 'The rectifier disclosed herein forlthe'purpose also assists in the clearing yoperation by preventing overthrow of the indicators past their zero readings.

`In the accompanying drawings illustrating several modifications within our invention,

Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in section', of one form of adding mechanism associated with an accumulating mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation approximately on line 2 7-2 of Fig. 1; y Y

Fig. 3 is a reduced sectional elevation approximately on line 3 3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a reduced sectional end elevation of associated adding and accumulating mechanisms, with thev gearings and indicators omitted, particularly showing the clearing means;

Fig. 5 is a reduced sectional end elevation, on line 5 5 of Fig. 6, of associated adding and accumulating mechanisms similarv to Fig. 1, particularly showing the lockingv mechanism combined with a traveling car-` riage'of calculating machines for multiplication and like processes;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of clearing means adapted for associated adding andaccumulating mechanisms such as shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is another form of associated adding and accumulating mechanisms with another form of clearing means;

Fig. 8 is a part of the transfer mechanism of Fig. 7

Fig 9 is another form of adding mechanlsm;

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are sectional elevations on lines 10--10, 11-11 and 12-12, respectively, of Fig. 9;

Figs. 13 to 16 show the separate elements of the adding mechanism of Fig. '9;

Fig. 17 is a plan view, partly 'in section, of another form of adding mechanism with another form of Vlocking mechanism; and

Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation showing other details of the construction embodied in Fig. 17.

The construction of the associated adding and accumulating mechanisms shown in Figs. 1 to 6 will now be described with particular reference to such forms of calculating machines as multiplying machines hav- Ving traveling carriages, although it is to be understood that this specific adaptation is not essential to the invention. Four successive denominations are shown in the adding mechanism and four in the accumulating mechanism, but any other suitable numbery of denominations and of associated mechanisms may be similarly constructed.V It is Y immaterial which constitutes the adding mechanism and 'which the accumulating mechanism; however, in this case the upper one in Fig. 1 is referred to herein as the adding mechanism and the lower one as the accumulating mechanism. Y The differential .gearing of each denomination in both is similar to all others, except the ones of highest -and lowest denomination. Each differential gearing comprises a driving component, the bevel gear A, fastened tightly on" the driving orl actuating shaft B; the transfer receiving component, the bevel gear C, loosely mounted on the shaft B, but fastened rigidly to the fixed frame El7 of the machine in the case of only the lowest denomination of each mechanism; and the transfer actuating or indicating component comprising the bevel gear D and the carrier D2, .which is loosely mounted for free rotation on the shaft B. The gear D is loosely mounted on the stud D1 projecting from the carrier D2, and the carrier is fastened to the dial D3 by a pin D4. The dials surround the three components of the differential gearings and the shafts B, and hold the three corresponding bevel gears' permanently in mesh. The digits 0 to 9 are arranged consecutively in the same direction around each of the dials of each mechanism, and the usual sight holes J are provided. On the sleeve E carrying the dial D3 is also fastened a cut-out disk E1 secured to a two-tooth segment E2. The periphery of the cut-out disk runs in the cut-out part of a siX-tooth intermediate transfer gear E3, (see E1G of Fig. 16) while the segment E2 periodically engages with the sixfteeth thereof so as to turn the gear two teeth or one-third of a rotation when the corresponding dial is passing from 9 to 0 in addition, or from 0 to 9 in subtraction. The siX-tooth part of this cut-out gear E3 engages with the ten-tooth transfer gear E4, which is fastened to the indicating or transfer receiving component C of the differential gearing. Obviously, if desired, the cut-out disk E1 and the segment E2 may be omitted from the highest denomination, while the ten-tooth transfer gear E4 may be omitted from the lowest denomination of both the adding and the accumulating mechanisms. The adjacent dierential gearings are reversely arranged so as to bring the ten-tooth transfer gear El of one denominationin line or register with the toothed segment E2 of next lower denomination.

, nected together by the disengageable fivepoint clutch members F1. By turning any of the clutches F, the corresponding shafts B and driving components A of both the adding and accumulating mechanisms are turned through the same amount. The transfer receiving components C of those differential gearings are locked in position as aresult of the engagement of the intermediate transfer gears E3 with the respective transfer gears E1 and with the cut-out disks E1, while the transfer receiving components of lowest denomination are fixed to the frame E17 of the mechanism, as shown. Hence, when the shafts B are turned the bevel gears D of those differential gearings are rolled on their respective transfer receiving components C and turn the respective dials D3 through one-half the amount of rotation of the shafts B. Thus by turning a shaft B through two rotations, the corresponding dials of the adding and accumulating mechanisms are each turned through one'rotation, or l0 digits. Now, when any dial is passing from 9 to 0 in one direction, or from 0 to 9 in the other` direction, as the case may be, the toothed-segment E2 fastened on sleeve E `with its dial D3 advances the ten-tooth transfer gear E4 of the next the same direction of rotation, through the intermediate transfer gear E3. The transfer receiving component C of that neXt higher denomination is turned through one-fifth of a rotation in that same direction. The indicating component is turned thereby through one-tenth of a rotation in the same direction as by its driving component A, and through the amount produced by one-fifth of a rotation of the shaft. rfherefore during each transfer movement, the dial D3 of that denomination is turned through one-tentli of a rotation, or through one digit, in the direction of actuation of the shaft B. In this way, units are transferred to any denomination when the shaft B of that denomination is not being actuated. Then the shaft B of one denomination is being rotated one-fifth of a rotation at the same time that a transfer movement is being imposed upon that denomination, the bevel gears A. and C move in the same direction and carry the indicating component one-fifth of a rotation or two digits on the indicator, thereby indicating the sum of the adding and transfer movements. During this operation the bevel gear D is not rotated upon its stud D1. lt is apparent that the shafts B may be locked in position so that they are not turned as a result of the transfer operation, and hence the transfer operations of two or more mechanisms on the shafts B may be kept entirely independent of each other. in performing addition the transfer operation occurs when one unit is being added to any denomination whose dial was previously at 9 and will occur simultaneously across the entire adding or accumulating mechanism whose dials are at 9 before the l is added to the lowest denomination. Similarly in subtraction, the unit `will be subtracted simultaneously across the mechanism whose dials are at O before the l is subtracted from the lowest denomination.

lIf the clutch members F are positively connected to actuating mechanism at all times, then the shafts B are always locked against turning when a unit is being transferred. However, if only some of the clutch members are connected at a time to actuating mechanism, as may be the case in a multiplying machine having a traveling carriage which engages groups of the shafts at a time, those` shafts of higher denomination than the highest denomination engaged at any onetime should be positively locked to preventthem from being turned by the indieating component to which a unit is being transferred. This may be done in any suitable way but a simple construction for the mechanism of Figs. 1 to 6 is shown particularly in Figs. 3 and 5. There is a pin F.2 on the traveling carriage F3 adjacent each clutch member F thereof, and each is so arranged that when these clutch members are coming into locking engagement with the coacting clutch members on the shafts B, the

Y locked against rotation s0 as to effect the proper transfer of units to denominations higher than those engaged by the traveling carriage at the time, while the engaged shafts are unlocked to permit actuation by I the actuating mechanism. rlhe locking dogs F4 are pivoted at F5 to a bar F6 and overlap each other in such manner that they may be individually lifted by the pinsF2 and may be collectively lifted out of locking engagement with the clutch members F by raising thebar FG during the operation of clearing Y the dials, as will bew noted later.

Any suitable means for clearing or resetting the dials to zero may be used,.but mutilated gears and racks are well adapted for the adding and accumulating mechanisms shown in Figs. 1 to 6. The sleeve E of each denomination -of each mechanism carries a mutilated gear H, so that the mutilated gears of adjacent denominations are on opposite ends of the dials D3. racks H1 of each mechanism fastened by the cross bars H2V (see Fig. 6) are adapted upon actuation to engage the mutilated gears and reset to Zero or clear all the dials, in the well known way. As shown herein, the dials of the adding mechanism are cleared independently of the dials of the accumulating mechanism in order that in performing addition both the sub-totals and grand totals maybe determined at one operation, or in order Ythat kin multiplication the separate products and the sum'thereof may be deter- The two mutilated Y mined by the same operations.- To clear' the adding mechanism withoutl clearing the accumulating mechanism, orA Vvice versa,.thel

rotatable ,plate H3 having shaped slots into Y which project the pinsH4 from the rack bars H1, and the pinH5 from the separatingl bar H6. (See Fig. 6.) VThe separating bar is provided with cam shaped lugs HTadapted to engage theV cam shaped lug H8 on'thel frame E11 of the accumulating mechanism.

The slots H3 are so shaped that during the first part of the rotation of the handlel H13 of the plate H3 in either direction from the position shown in Fig. 6, the pin H5 ismoved in the direction of travel of the separating bar H3, whereupon the camlugs H7 and H3 co-act tovseparate the accumulating mechanism from the adding mechanism, against the action of the springs H12 (see Fig. 4), an d thereby completely disengage the clutch members F1. Upon further rotation of the plate H3 in an anti-clcckwise-direction in Fig. @the upper pin VvH3 abuts Vagainst the right hand end cf its slot H10 and moves the rack bars H1 of the adding mechanism to the left, as shownby the broken lines, and therebyV resets all the dials of the adding mechanism to zero in the direction of their highest toV lowest Vdig ,5,its,so that nofunit will ever be transferred to a higher denomination during` the clearing operation. At the same time the pin H1 in the wide slot H11 remains stationary, so that the accumulating mechanism is not cleared. 1f the plate H3 is turned in a clockwise direction, the two mechanisms are first separated by the co-acting cam lugs H7 and H? and the dials of the accumulating mechanism alone are reset to zero asa resultof moving its racks H1 to the left, as indicated by the broken lines, while those of the adding mechanism are retained in the position to which they were last actuated. 1t is obvious that if the plate H3 is left in the otherrextreme position to that shown in Fig. 6, -that the two clutch members F1 will be permanently 'disengaged and that the actuating mechanism of the calculating machine will then be effective on theadding mechanism alone. Generally, however, the adding mechanism or the accumulating mechanism or both will be cleared and then the clutch members F1 reengaged,y by turning the plate H3 in one direction or the other and then returning it to its normal position shown in Fig. 6, or else by operating it in both directions successively and then so returning it. 1f desired, a spring (not shown) may be usedr to return the clearing mechanism to normal position after each clearing operation. To release 'the shafts B when clearing the adding mechanism, the bar F3 carrying the locking dogsF* is'attached at each end by a bell crank F7 and bar F8 to the accumulating mechanism, so that when the accumulating mechanism is separated from the adding mechanism the locking dogs F4 are collectively lifted out of engagement with the clutch members F. (See Fig. 5.)

In constructing adding mechanism of the kind herein disclosed, we have found that the aggregate back lash and lost motion in all the positively engaged elements is sufficient under certain conditions, especially where a plurality of denomina-tions are provided, to cause but a partial transfer of a unit from one denomination to another several places higher. In such case the transfer movement may be gradually merged with the lost motion of the mechanism where the indicators intermediate of the denominations in question previously registered 9. This error may be eliminated by taking up the back lash progressively from the lowest denomination to the highest after each actuation of the machine which may involve a transfer over a plurality of denominations. This idea may be embodied in numerous forms of constructions, but one simple form well adapted for the mechanisms of Figs. 1 to 6 is shown particularly in Figs. 2 and 5. The fingers G are pivoted to the frames E1T of the adding and accumulating mechanisms in such position as to rest lightly on the threetooth part of each gear E3 so as to be capable of lifting to the dotted positions as the gear is turned in the transfer movement. During actuation of the machine, the clutch members F of the carriage are in engagement with the co-acting clutch members of the adding mechanism, and the fingers G and the rectifier bar G1 are in the position shown in But when the traveling carriage F3 recedes to the position shown in Fig. 5 to disengage the clutch members F, the two rectifier bars G1 for the adding mechanism and the two similar ones for the accumulating mechanism are simultaneously moved longitudinally in the direction of the ascendingdenomina-tions. Each rectifier bar has cut out portions G2 of progressively increasing length along the bars so arranged that the fingers G of lowest denomination of each mechanism are first pressed downwardly to positively locate the respective six-tooth gears E3. While this one is held down the fingers of 'next higher denomination are similarly depressed, and so on in turn until all the siX-tooth gears have been `positively located. In this way all back lash in the elements is progressively taken up from the lowest to the highest denomination of each mechanism, whereupon the position of all the dials will bev accurately rectified each time that the traveling carriage F3 recedes from its position of engagement. Thile the carriage is being returned to it-s position of engagement, the rectifier bar iS returned to the position shown in Fig. 2, whereupon the fingers G will then allow the normal movement of the transfer mechanism. The connection between the traveling carriage and the rectier bars to produce the longitudinal movement. thereof as the carriage engages and disengages the clutch members F1 comprises a bell crank lever G3 fastened at one end to levers for moving the rectifier bars longitudinally and actuated at the other end by the bars G4 fastened to the square shaft G5 along which the traveling carriage slides longitudinally to engage different denominations. It will also be apparent from the above description that when the traveling carriage is in the disengaged position shown in Fig. 5, the fingers G are depressed by the rectifier bar G. Hence when the clearing operation is performed the dials are prevented from overthrow past their zero indications as a result of the fact that the toothed segments E2 carried by the dials are then prevented from further rotation by the six-tooth gears E3 which are then locked by the fingers G. In this way, the rectifier mechanism shown herein not only positively locates the dials after each actuation, but it also insures the clearing operation when such is performed. Furthermore, the dials are held positively in position at other times by the combined action of the locking dogs F4 and the rectier mechanism.-

The construction and operation of the adding and accumulating mechanisms shown in Figs. 7 and 8 will now be described. r1`he differential gearings of the two mechanisms are Videntical excepting that the digits of adjacent dials are arranged consecutively in opposite directions, since the direction of rotation of adjacent actuating shafts is opposite instead of being the same in Figs. 1 to 6. Each shaft B1 has a driving component for each mechanism comprising a collar B2 on which is rotatably mcnnted the bevel gear A1 of the differential .gearing. the shouldered screw A2 loosely holding the gear on the collar and securely fastening the collar to the shaft. The bevel gear A1 of each differential combination is meshed with the transfer receiving component, the bevel gear C1, on one side and with the indicating or transfer actuating component. the bevel gear D5. on the othe1 side. Fastened to each transfer receiving component C1 is a gear E5 having twenty teeth. and fastened to each dial D" is a cut-out disk E6 and a toothed segment E7 similar to El and E2 respectively of Fig. 2. An intermediate transfer gear having a six-tooth part E8 adapted to engage with the segment E7 and a three-tooth part .E9 adapted to run on the periphery of the cut-out disk E, together with the gear E10. are fastened on a `shaft E11 carried by the bracket E12 'which iS fXed to the base E13 of the magehine, as is shown best in Fig. 8. The shaft E11 is set slightly oblique as shown so that the transfer gear E5 of the next higher denomination is properly actuated from the preceding dial. As in the previous constructions, the transfer receiving component C1 of the lowest denomination of, each mechanism is fastenedv to the fixed frame E17 of the machine and need not be provided with a transfer gear E5, while the dial of the highest denomination of each mecha- .nism need not be provided with a cut-out disk E.6 or a tooth segment E1.

Each shaft B1 is turned by one or more actuating devices such as the gear I fixed or slidably mounted thereon and operated by any suitable mechanism (not shown) such as employed in adding, multiplying or other calculating machines. The transfer receiving component C1 of each denomination of each mechanism is locked by the intermediate transfer gear E9 and the cut-out disk E6 of the next lower denomination. Then since each gear I has twenty teeth, its actuation through one tooth turns the corresponding dial of both the adding and accumulating mechanisms through one-tenth of a rotation `or one digit, because each gear A1 ofV that denomination is both turned around with the shaft B1 as an axis. and rolled around on the transfer receiving component C1 about the screw A2 as an axis. As b'efore, when any dial of either mechanism is passing from 9to O in addition orfrom 0 to 9 in subtraction, the toothed segment E7 fastened thereto advances the twenty tooth transfer gear E5 of the next higher denomination of that mechanism through two teeth in the same direction of rotation by means of the intermediate transfer gears E1 and E1". Thus the transfer receiving component C1 of the diiferential gearing is turned through one-tenth of a rotation, and the corresponding gear A1 is rotated onetenth of a rotation thereby about its stud A2, thus turning the indicating component D5 through one-tenth of a rotation and the dial D6 through one digit in the same direction of rotation as produced by the shaft B1. VIn this way, units are transferred to the next higher denominations simultaneously with the direct actuation of the shaft of that denomination, or alone if the sha t is not being actuated. lt is apparent that the shafts are not turned as a result of the transfer operation, and hence the transfer operations of two or moreI mechanisms on the shafts B1 are rendered entirely independent as before. v

Any suitable clearing means may be used but in Fig. 7 a face cam H13 is fastened to each dial while the bars H11 are adapted to separately disengage the indicating components D5 together with the dials DG of each indicating components D5 be some multipleY of the number of digits on the dial, twenty being shown, in order that the elements will properly re'e'ngage after clearing. As a result of this construction wherein the differ'- ential gearing is disengaged for clearing,`

the shafts B1 may be continuous between the two ymechanisms, instead of requiring disengageable clutches as before.

Means for locking those shafts not operated at the time, and the rectifier for eliminating the back lash and lost motion and positively locating and holding the dials lafter each operation may be of any suitable construction. It will be understood that the adding, multiplying or other calculating mechanism to be operatively connected to the shafts B1 mustV be so constructed that adjacent shafts are always turned in opposite directions in order to make successive operations properly accumulative on each of the two or more mechanisms.

The construction and operation of the modification shown in Figs. 9 to'lG will now be described. In this case the indicators are at right angles to those Vshown in Vthe examples of construction previously described. Thegears B3 are adapted to be actuated by the operating mechanism of any suitable calculating machine and are fastened to the 'driving component A3 of the differential gearings, as shown separately in Fig. 1.5. The gear A3 meshes with the indicating or Vtransfer actuating component D7 and is mounted internally of the dial D8 for free rotation about the shaft D9. The dial D8 is loosely mounted on shaft A B4 and carries the cut-out disk E11 Vwhich of the gear E16 rides on t-he smooth periphery of the cut-out disk E11 to lock the transferl y receiving component E11 of the next higher denomination, while the transfer receiving component of the lowest denomination is fastened to the frame E17 of the machine by the pins E18. Each actuation of the' sixtooth gear E16 turns the gear E19 five-teeth, and thefifty tooth gear E20 through onetenth of a rotation. The indicating component is turned thereby through Vonetwentieth of a rotation and the dial D8 is turned one digit in the same direction of actuation as by the driving component. Upon operation of the adding 0r multiplying mechanism, the gear B3 is turned through one-tenth of a rotation for each unit, and the gear D7 is rolled on the transfer-receiving component E21 to turn the dial D5 through one digit. lf a unit is transferred at the same time from the dial of next lower denomination, the vtransfer receiving component E21, loose upon the shaft Bt is turned in the same direction to that of driving component A2 and the indicating component is advanced by an amount equal to the sum of the two superposed movements, or two` digits.

The adding mechanism shown in Fig. 9 may be combined with an accumulating mechanism, as in the preceding arrangement. The locking and clearing mechanism and the rectifier may be constructed in any suitable way.

Figs. 17 and 18 show another modification within our invention wherein the differential gearings are constructed of spur gears instead of bevel gears as previously described. In this case also the transfer movements may be superposed on the adding movements, while one or more accumulating mechanisms in ay be combined with the adding mechanism. r1`he dials inclose the differential gearings and the transfer receiving components are alternately disposed at the two ends of the dials. The shafts B5 may be operated from an adding, multiplying or other calculating mechanism in any suitable way. The driving components, the spur gears B6, are fastened to the shafts B5, while the transfer receiving components, the spur gears E22, are loosely mounted thereon. rEhe indicating or transfer actuating components comprise the spur gears D1O meshing with the driving components B6 and the spur gears D11 n'ieshing with the transfer receiving components E22, both meshing with each other and being rotatably mounted on pins D12 carried by the dials D13. The dials are fastened on the sleeves D14 which also carry the twotooth segments E23 and the cut-out disks E21. The segments E22 periodically engage with the six-teeth of the cut-out gears E25, while. the peripheries of the cut-out disks E21 roll in their cut-out portions to lock the transfer elements except during the periods of transfer when the cut-out portions of the disks engage one of the three teeth of the cut-out portions of the six-tooth gears. The siX teeth of the gears E25 also engage with the ten-tooth transfer gears E2G which are fastened to the transfer receiving component 22'.

When any one shaft B5 is operated, the

corresponding driving component B6 is turned through an equal amount and turns the indicating component through one-half that amount, since the transfer receiving component E22 is locked from the neXt lower denomination. So also, when a transfer movement takes place, the six-tooth gear E25 and the ten-tooth transfer gear E2( are each turned through two teeth, being one-fifth of a rotation of E22 which effects one-tenth of a rotation of the dial D13 or one digit. TWhen the transfer and actuating movements occur simultaneously, the dial moves through two digits, as in the previous case.

Another arrangement for locking the shafts B5 which are not being actuated at the time is shown in Figs. 17 and 18, but in this case only those of higher denomination than the highest engaged by the traveling carriage (not shown) are adapted t0 be locked against rotation, inasmuch as units can never be transferred to denominations lower than the lowest engaged thereby. Longitudinally sliding dogs F11 abut each other so that when a pin or the like on the traveling carriage at the clutch member F (see Fig. 5) of highest denomination enters the opening F11, all those dogs of still higher denomination are moved into locking engagement with the gears F12 secured on the shafts B5 to prevent rotation of the shafts by the dials to which a unit is carried. 1f desired, all the locking dogs may be returned to the position shown in Fig. 18 by a spring, when the carriage recedes to the position shown in Fig. 5. The spring pressed fingers F13 engage the teeth of gears F12 to hold the 'shafts B5 in position and to force the exact setting. The dials may be cleared by mutilated gears H15 fastened on the sleeves D11, and the sliding racks H11, or in any other suitable way.

it apparent that one or more accumulating mechanisms may be rcombined with this adding mechanism also, and any suitable form of rectifier may be used for the purpose previously described.

TWhat we claim is:

1. In an adding mechanism, a driving shaft, a differential gearing mounted on the shaft, and a cylindrical dial fastened to one component of the gearing and surrounding the gearing; substantially as described.

2. In an adding mechanism, a driving shaft, and a bevel differential gearing comprising three intermeshed bevel gears mounted thereon, and an indicator and a transfer actuator actuated by the gearing; substantially as described.

3. In an adding mechanism, a driving shaft, a bevel differential gearing including one bevel gear fixed to said shaft and another bevel gea-r loose upon said shaft, a carrier mounted between said bevel'gears for free rotation about said shaft. a third bevel gear loosely mounted upon said carrier in mesh with the other two of said bevel gears,

andan indicator fastened to said carrier; substantially as described.

4L. ln an adding mechanism, a driving `shaft, a bevel differential gearing including V one bevel gear fixed to said shaft and another bevel gear loose upon said shaft, a carrier mounted between said bevel gears for free rotation about said shaft, a third `bevel gear loosely mounted upon said carrier in mesh with the other two of said bevel gears, and a cylindrical dial surrounding the said three bevel gears and being fastened to said carrier; substantially as described.

5. ln an adding mechanism, a driving shaft, and a differential gearing having one component lixed to said shaft, another component looseupon said shaft and provided with a transfer actuator and an indicator,

and a third component loose upon said shaft and providedwith a transfer receiver; substantially as described.

6. In an adding mechanism, a driving shaft and an intermeshed diiferential gearing comprising one bevel gear fixed to said shaft, another bevel gear loose upon saidV shaft and carrying a transfer receiver, and

a third bevel gear mounted upon a carrier which is mounted loosely upon said shaft and which is provided with an indicator;

substantially as described.

7. In an adding mechanism, a driving shaft, a dierential gearing comprisingone bevel gear i'ixed to said shaft, another bevel gear loose upon said shaft and carrying a transfer receiver, and a third bevel gear in mesh with the other two bevel gears and ential gearing for each indicator having oneV component adapted to receive a transfer movement, said gearings being alternately reversed in order that the transfer receiving components .may not register in4 adjacent gearings; substantially as described.

9. in an adding mechanism having indicators for different denominations, like differential gearings for said indicators having one component adapted to receive a v transfer movement vsaid Ofearin s bein alternately reversed in order that the transfer receiving components may not register in adjacent gearings; substantially as de- ,Y scribed.

Y 10. In an adding mechanism, differential gearings for successive denominations, a dial surrounding each of said gearings and actuated by one component thereof, and a transfer actuator mounted with each dial, the transfer actuators being located at one end of one dial and at the other end of the next dial, and so on throughout the mechanism,

ity of substantially parallel shafts, and a differential gearing mounted upon each shaft having` a component adapted to receive a transferV movement and a component adapted to actuate a transfer receiving coniponent of another gearing, the transfer receiving component of each gearing being disposed opposite the ytransfer actuating component of the gearing of the next lower denomination; substantially as described.

13. lnV an adding mechanism having indililre differential gearings mounted opposite one another upon said shafts, each of said gearings having a component adapted to' receive a transfer movement and a component adapted to actuate the transfer receiving component of the gearing of next higher denomination, and said gearings being alternately reversed upon said shafts in order that the transfer actuatingcomponent of one gearing may register with the transfer receiving component of next higher denomination; substantially as described.

lll. In an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, like differential Y gearings mounted opposite one another upon said shafts, and a plurality of indicators, each of said gearings having a component adaptedto receive a transfer movement and a Vcomponent adapted to actuate the indicator of its denomination and also adapted to actuate the transfer receiving component of the gearing of next higher denomination, and said gearings being'alternately reversed upon said shafts in order that the transfer actuating component of one gearing may register with the transfer receiving component of next higher denomination; substantially as described.

l5. ln an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, like dierential gearings mounted opposite one another upon esy Vcators for vdifferent denominations, a plu- Vrality of substantially parallel shafts, and

said shafts, and a plurality of indicators, each of said gearings having a component fixed to its shaft, a con'iponent loose upon its shaft and adapted to receive a transfer movement, and a component adapted to actuate the indicator of its denomination and.y also adapted to actuate the transfer receiving component of the gearing of next higher denomination, and said gearings being alternately reversed upon said shafts in order that the transfer actuating component of one gearing may register with the transfer receiving component of the gearing of next higher denomination; substantially as described.

16. In an adding mechanismV comprising a plurality7 of denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, like intermeshed bevel differential gearings mounted opposite one another upon said shafts, and a plurality of indicators, each of said gear.- ings having a driving component fixed to itsshaft, a component loose upon its shaft and adapted to receive a transfer movement, and an intermediate component adapted to actuate the indicator of its denomination and also adapted to actuate the transfer receiving component of the gearing of next higher denomination, and said gearings being alternately reversed upon said shafts in order that the transfer actuating component of one gearing may register with the transfer receiving component of next higher denomination; substantiallyT as described.

17. In an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, like intermeshed bevel differential gearings mounted opposite one another upon said shafts, and a plurality of cylindrical dials surrounding individual gearings, each of said gearings having a driving component fixed to its shaft, and a transfer actuating component loose upon a carrier which is loosely mounted upon the shaft and Which is fastened to the dial of its denomination, and a transfer receiving component loose upon its shaft and adapted to receive a transfer movement from the transfer actuating component of next lower denomination, and said gearings being alternately reversed upon said shafts in order that the transfer receiving component of one gearing may register with the transfer actuating component of next lower denomination; substantially as described.

18. In an adding mechanism having indicators for different denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, and individual differential gearingsl mounted thereon in such manner that the driving components of said gearings are arranged to drive the indicators, in like directions when tion; substantiallyas described. v

19. In an adding mechanism having indicators for different denominations, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, and differential gearings mounted upon said shafts, each of said gearings having a driving component, a transfer receiving component and a transfer actuating component, so arranged that the driving components drive the indicators in like directions When the several shafts are moved in one direction and so that the transfer actuating components actuate the transfer receiving compo! nents of next higher denomination in the direction to actuate the indicators in the same direction as they are driven by the shafts; substantially as described.

20. In an adding mechanism, a Shaft, disengageable means for actuating said shaft, a differential gearing mounted upon said shaft, and means for locking said shaft against movement when the actuating means is disengaged therefrom; substantially as described.

21. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gear-ings, a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain onesof said gearings at a time, and means for locking against rotation those differential gearings not engaged at the time by the carriage; substantially as described.

22. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings, means for locking said gearings against rotation, a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain ones of said gearings at a time and to unlock those gearings .engaged at the time; substantially as described.

23. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings of successive denominations, a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain ones of said gearings at a time, and means to lock against rotation those gear-ings of higher denomination than the highest denomination engaged at the time by said carriage; substantially as described.

24. In an adding'mechanism, a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, a differential gearing mounted upon each shaft, means for individually locking each shaft against rotation, a vtraveling carriage adapted to engage certain ones of said shafts at a time, and means on said carriage for unlocking those shafts engaged thereby; substantially as described.

Q5. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings, individual driving members for said gearings, means for locking said members against retrogression, and means for collectively unlocking said members to permit retrogression; substantially as described.

26. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of dierential Ygearings` individual driving time, and means for collectively` unlocking said gearings; substantially as described.

28. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denomination, interconnected differential gearings actuating the indicators, and a rectifier acting on the indicators in the orderof ascending denomination; substantially as described.

29. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denomination, in-

terconnected dierential gearings actuating the indicators, and a rectifier which first completely rectifies one indicator, then completely rectifies the indicator of next higher denomination, and so on; substantially as described.

V30. In an adding mechanism, aplurality of indicators of successive denomination, interconnected differential gearings actuating the indicator, and a rectifier Which rectifies the indicators in the order of .ascending Ydenomination and holds the rectified indicatorsl against movement; substantially as described.

31. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denomination, interconnected differential gearings actuating the indicators, and a rectifier which first rectifies oneindicator and then holds it against movement, and which neXt rectifies the indicator of next higher denomination and then holds `it against movement, and

stantially as described. y

32. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denominations,

so on subdifferential gearings actuating the indikcators, transfer mechanism interconnecting adjacent gearings, and a rectier acting on the transfer mechanism in the order of ascending denomination to rectify the indicators; substantially as described.

33. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denominations,

interconnected reversible differential gearings actuating tlie indicators in either direction, anda rectifier acting on the indi-v cators inthe order of ascending denomination to rectify them from offsetpositions in either direction; substantially as described.

34. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denominations,

reversible differential gearings actuating the indicators in. either direction, reversible transfer mechanism interconnecting adacent gearings, and a rectifier acting on the transfer mechanism in the order of ascending denomination to rectify the indicators from offset positions in either direction; substantially as described.

85. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denominations, actuating gearings therefor, transfer mechanism constantly interconnecting adjacent gearings, and a Vrectifier rectifying the indicatoi's in the order of ascending Vdenomination from Whatever position they may have; substantially as described.

36. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of lsuccessive denominations, actuating gearings therefor, transfer mechanism constantly interconnecting adjacent gearings, and a rectifier acting on the transfer mechanism in the order of ascending denomination to rectify the indicators from whatever position they may have; substantially as described.

37. In a calculating machine having an adding mechanism and a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain denominations thereof at a time, a rectifier arranged to rectify the indicators of the adding mechanism upon disengagement pf the traveling carriage; substantially as described.

38. In a .calculating machine having an adding mechanism and a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain denominations thereof at a time, means actuated by the Y traveling carriage for resisting the movement of the indicators until rengagement thereof; substantially as described.

39. In a calculating machinek having an adding mechanism and a traveling carriage adapted to engage certain Adenominations thereof at a time, a rectifier arranged to rectify the indicators of the adding vmechanism upon disengagement of thetraveling carriage and then to hold the indicators against movement until i'engagement thereo substantially as described.

40. In a'calculating machine having an adding mechanism and a traveling carriage adaptedV to engage certain denominations thereof at a time, a rectifier for rectifying said indicators vupon disengagement of'said carriage and for holding them against -moveinent While the traveling carriage is disengaged, and mechanism actuated` by the traveling carriage for operating the rectifier; substantially as described. v

41. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of interconnected diiferential gearings of successive denomination and indicators therefor, an accumulating mechanism plurality of interconnected differential gearings of successive denomination and indicators therefor, disengageable connections be'- tvveeiiV those differential gearings of the two mechanisms which have the same denomination, driving members engaging the difcoinprising a ferential gearings of a single one of the two mechanisms, and clearing means for clearing the adding mechanism to zero when it is disengaged from the accumulating mechanism; substantially as described.

42. In a calculating machine; an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of interconnected differential gearings of successive denomination and indicators therefor, an comprising av accumulating mechanism plurality of interconnected differential gearings of successive denomination and indicators therefor, disengageable connections between those differential gearings of the two mechanisms which have the same denomination, driving members engaging the differential gearings of a single one of the two mechanisms, a disengaging and clearing member for rst disengaging the connections between the two mechanisms and then clearing the adding mechanism to zero without clearing the accumulating mechanism, and a clearing member for clearing the accumulating mechanism to zero; substantially as described.

43. An adding mechanism comprising a plurality of differential gearings each having a driving component fast upon a shaft, a transfer receiving component loose upon said shaft, and an indicating and transfer actuating component actuated by said components, in combination with an accumulating mechanism comprising a driving component fast upon a shaft, a transfer receiving component loose upon said shaft, and an indicating and transfer actuating component actuated by said components, the shafts of like denomination being connected together so that the movement of a shaft moves the indicators of that denomination in both mechanisms through the same amount, while the transfer actuating movements in each mechanism are independent of the other mechanism; substantially as described.

44. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of indicators of successive denominations, separately driven differential gearing for the indicators, intermittent gearings connecting the transfer actuating and receiving components of adjacent gearings, clearing means for resetting the indicators to zero, and means for rendering the intermittent gearings inoperative during the operation of the clearing means to prevent overthrow of the indicators beyond zero; substantially as described.

45. In an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of denominations, differential gearingsfor the individual denominations,

intermittent gearings connecting the transfer actuating component of each of said differential gearings with the transfer receiving components of the differential gearings of next higher denominations, an indicating component in each of the said differential gearings, means for moving said indicating components to zero, and a. lock effective to prevent the opera-tion of said transfer receiving components and thereby prevent the overthrow of said indicating components beyond zero; substantially as described.

l 46. In an adding mechanism comprising a plurality of denominations, differential gearings for the individual denominations, intermittent gearings connecting the transfer actuating component of each of the differential gearings with the transfer receiving component of the differential gearing of next higher denomination, an indicating component in each of the differential gearings, means for moving the indicating components to zero, and a lock acting on the intermittent gearings during the clearing operation to hold the transfer receiving components against movement and thereby prevent the overthrow of the indicating components beyond zero; substantially as described.

47. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings and indicators therefor, individual driving members for the gearings, locking devices for locking against retrogression such of said driving members as may be temporarily inoperative, clearing means for clearing said indicators to Zero, and means for unlocking all of the driving members prior to the clearing operation; substantially as described.

48. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings and indicators therefor, individual driving members for the` gearings, locking devices for locking against retrogression such of said driving members as may be temporarily inoperative, clearing meansv for clearing said indicators to zero, and means for unlocking all ofthe driving members prior to the clearing operation, and for re-locking the driving members after the clearing operation; substantially as described.

49. In an adding mechanism, a plurality of differential gearings and indicators therefor, individual driving members for the gearings, locking devices for locking against retrogression such of said driving members as may be temporarily inoperative, and means actuated by the clearing means for unlocking all the driving members prior to the clearing operation; substantially as described.

50. In an adding mechanism, a differential gearing for effecting the adding and transfer movements, and means for releasing one component of said gearing in order to reset said mechanism to zero; substantially as described.

51. In an adding mechanism; aV diiieren- In testimony whereof we a-HiX our signatal gearing having' a driving Component, a tures, in presence of two Witnesses. transfer receiving,- component, and anindi- MARCUS C. HOPKINS.

' eating component; and means for releasing LEON WALTER ROSENTHAL.

the driving component to reset the indicat- Witnesses:

ing component to zero; substantially as de- MINERVA LoBEL,

scribed. F. A. HnNNEssY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for iive cents each, by addressing che Commissioner of Patents,

- Washington, D. C. 

